What is Disaster management MCQ Question Answer For All Exam

  

1. The disaster management act was enacted in the year 2005.

   • True

2. The point of the earth's surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs is called the Focus.

   • False (It is called the Epicenter)

3. The center of the cyclone is characterized by low pressure.

   • True

4. Generally, the number on Richter scale ranges between 1 to 12.

   • False (The Richter scale technically has no upper limit, though practical measurements are between 0 and 9)

5. Ozone depletion is caused by the increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

   • False (Ozone depletion is caused by chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances)

6. Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Methane is higher than Carbon dioxide.

   • True

7. Montreal Protocol is associated with limiting earth average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

   • False (The Montreal Protocol addresses substances that deplete the ozone layer, while the Paris Agreement focuses on temperature limits)

8. Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Board are constituted under Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

• True

9. 

Part B (Define)

1. Tropical cyclone: A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms producing heavy rain or squalls.

2. Hazards: Hazards are potential sources of harm or adverse effects on a person or persons.

3. Vulnerability: Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility to be harmed or affected by disasters due to various factors such as physical, social, economic, and environmental conditions.

4. Risk: Risk is the combination of the likelihood of an event and its adverse consequences.

5. Eutrophication: Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and depletion of oxygen.

6. Global warming: Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system, largely due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

7. Shifting cultivation: Shifting cultivation is an agricultural practice in which a piece of land is cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.

8. Climate change: Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperatures and weather patterns over time. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, current trends are largely driven by human activities.

9. Biological disaster: Biological disasters are events caused by the exposure to dangerous pathogens or biological agents, such as viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms, leading to widespread disease and health crises.

Part C 

1. Write in brief about different types of vulnerability with reference to disasters.

   • Vulnerability types include physical (structural weaknesses), social (community resilience), economic (financial stability), and environmental (ecosystem fragility).

2. Write down the role of Non-Government Organization (NGO) in disaster management.

   • NGOs play roles in disaster preparedness, emergency response, providing relief and rehabilitation, advocacy, and community training.

3. What do you mean by disaster response?

   • Disaster response refers to the actions taken to manage and mitigate the impact of a disaster, including emergency relief, rescue operations, and the provision of basic needs.

4. Define natural disaster and enlist its types.

   • A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth. Types include earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, and droughts.

5. What do you understand by Greenhouse effects?

   • The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases (greenhouse gases) trap heat from the sun in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a warming effect.

6. Differentiate between disaster and hazard.

   • A hazard is a potential source of harm, while a disaster is the actual event that causes significant damage or harm.

7. Write down the difference between cyclone and anticyclone.

   • A cyclone is a system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure, while an anticyclone is a weather phenomenon with high atmospheric pressure at its center, around which air slowly circulates in a clockwise direction (in the Northern Hemisphere).

8. How climate change affects food security in India?

   • Climate change affects food security by impacting crop yields, altering precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and disrupting food supply chains.

9. Write down the different causes of deforestation.

   • Causes of deforestation include agricultural expansion, logging, infrastructure development, and mining activities.

10. Fire is a good servant but a bad master justify the statement.

    • Fire, when controlled, is beneficial for cooking, heating, and managing land. However, uncontrolled fire can cause destruction to life, property, and the environment.

Part D 

1. What adverse effects can solid waste cause? How can the solid waste be managed?

   • Adverse effects include environmental pollution, health hazards, and disruption of ecosystems. Management includes recycling, composting, incineration, and proper landfill use.

2. Discuss adverse effects and control of water pollution.

   • Adverse effects include harm to aquatic life, health issues for humans, and ecosystem disruption. Control measures include wastewater treatment, pollution regulations, and public awareness.

3. Discuss various sources of marine pollution. How can you prevent ocean pollution?

   • Sources include plastic waste, oil spills, and industrial discharge. Prevention includes reducing plastic use, regulating shipping activities, and enhancing waste management systems.

4. Briefly describe the sources, effects, and control of noise pollution.

   • Sources include industrial activity, traffic, and urban development. Effects include hearing loss, stress, and wildlife disruption. Control measures include soundproofing, zoning regulations, and public awareness.

5. Write about state and International level disaster management programmers.

   • These programs focus on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts coordinated by state and international bodies, often involving policy frameworks, resource allocation, and community engagement.

6. Explain the principle of risk partnership.

   • Risk partnership involves collaboration among various stakeholders to share information, resources, and strategies to manage and mitigate risks effectively.

7. Discuss the role of armed forces and other agencies involved in disaster management.

   • Armed forces provide rapid response, rescue operations, and logistical support. Other agencies, like NGOs and government bodies, offer specialized services, relief distribution, and rehabilitation support.

8. Disaster preparedness is the first step in any disaster management process. Explain how hazard zonation mapping will help disaster mitigation in the case of landslides.

   • Hazard zonation mapping identifies areas prone to landslides, helping in planning and implementing mitigation measures, early warning systems, and informed decision-making for land use and development.